{"id":393,"date":"2019-03-07T09:31:33","date_gmt":"2019-03-07T09:31:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jan.schnasse.org\/blog\/?p=393"},"modified":"2026-09-28T11:39:16","modified_gmt":"2026-09-28T09:39:16","slug":"unix-tools-introduced-today-fhs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jan.schnasse.org\/blog\/2019\/03\/07\/unix-tools-introduced-today-fhs\/","title":{"rendered":"Unix tools introduced. Today: FHS"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard<\/a> (FHS) defines a standard layout to organize various kinds of application and OS related data in a predictable and common way [1<\/a>].<\/p>\n

A basic knowledge of the FHS will help you to find application or OS related data more easily. If you are a developer, it also provides a good orientation for organizing your own applications in a maintainable way, e.g. as ubuntu package<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\/bin<\/a> – essential user commands<\/p>\n

\/boot<\/a> – OS boot loader<\/p>\n

\/dev<\/a> – devices (everything is a file principle)<\/p>\n

\/etc<\/a> – system configuration<\/p>\n

\/home<\/a> – user data<\/p>\n

\/lib<\/a> – essentail shared libraries<\/p>\n

\/media<\/a> – mount point for removable media<\/p>\n

\/mnt<\/a> – mount point for temporarily mounted filesystems<\/p>\n

\/opt<\/a> – add-on applications<\/p>\n

\/root<\/a> – home of root<\/p>\n

\/run<\/a> – run time variable data<\/p>\n

\/sbin<\/a> – system binaries<\/p>\n

\/srv<\/a> – data for services provided by the system<\/p>\n

\/tmp<\/a> – temporary data<\/p>\n

\/proc – is a virtual filesystem<\/p>\n

\/usr<\/a> – secondary hierarchy<\/p>\n

bin – Most user commands
\nlib – Libraries
\nlocal – Local hierarchy (empty after main installation)
\nsbin – Non-vital system binaries
\nshare – Architecture-independent data<\/p>\n

\/var<\/a> – variable data<\/p>\n

cache\u00a0 – Application cache data
\nlib\u00a0 – Variable state information
\nlocal\u00a0 – Variable data for \/usr\/local
\nlock –\u00a0 Lock files
\nlog – Log files and directories
\nopt – Variable data for \/opt
\nrun – Data relevant to running processes
\nspool – Application spool data
\ntmp\u00a0 -Temporary files preserved between system reboots<\/p>\n

Find more<\/h3>\n

What about – \/init.d ?<\/a><\/p>\n

What does the .d stand for in directory names?<\/a><\/p>\n

FHS in Debian<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) defines a standard layout to organize various kinds of application and OS related data in a predictable and common way [1]. A basic knowledge of the FHS will help you to find application or OS related data more easily. If you are a developer, it also provides a good orientation […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,6,15,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-admin","category-development","category-software","category-unixtools"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jan.schnasse.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jan.schnasse.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jan.schnasse.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jan.schnasse.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jan.schnasse.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=393"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jan.schnasse.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4379,"href":"https:\/\/jan.schnasse.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393\/revisions\/4379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jan.schnasse.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=393"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jan.schnasse.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=393"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jan.schnasse.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}